Learn How Heredity Impacts Breast Cancer Risk in Austin

Many variables contribute to a person's breast cancer risk factor, including weight, diet, physical activity, ingestion of alcohol and tobacco, and even taking birth control. While all of these elements are related to lifestyle choices that can be mitigated in one way or another, there is a variable that cannot be changed: heredity. Genetic breast cancer risk is higher for people who have an immediate blood relative—a parent, child, or sibling—who has a history of cancer in general, and breast cancer specifically. Race can also be a factor. At Austin Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, our team works to educate patients on breast health, including explaining cancer risk factors. Anywhere from an estimated five to 10% of all breast cancers are thought to be inherited, involving mutated genes passed down from a parent. This is different from cancers that develop due to other factors, such as environmental toxins or aging cells.

Are There Tests Available to Check if I Have a Genetic Risk for Breast Cancer?

Certain tests have been developed to help people assess their genetic risk for breast cancer. The most common tests screen for BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 gene mutations. The highest risk related to these mutations is if an immediate family member has had breast or ovarian cancer. In normal situations, the BRCA and PALB2 genes are protective and preventive in nature; they inhibit abnormal breast cell growth. Mutations, however, do not function properly, hence the increased risk that can be passed down through the generations. It’s important to keep in mind that approximately 10% of breast cancer diagnoses relate to a genetic mutation. The rest are influenced more so by lifestyle factors such as weight, age, and alcohol consumption. Genetic testing, performed on a blood or saliva sample, can be beneficial for evaluating breast cancer risk in the right circumstances.

What to Do if You Have a Genetic Risk for Breast Cancer

If your mother, sister, or another close relative has had breast cancer and you decide to undergo genetic testing, it’s recommended that you bring someone with you when you receive your results.

Doing so can help you feel supported as you process the findings, particularly if you test positive for gene mutation.

You should also talk to your doctor about the way in which your genetic results may influence your treatment options should you at some point be diagnosed with breast cancer. For example, your genetic test results may determine that you are estrogen receptor-positive, which would mean that you should not receive hormone therapy for breast cancer. Your doctor can discuss the next best steps in managing your breast cancer risk, such as the frequency with which you should have mammogram screenings.

Is There Any Way to Prevent Breast Cancer?

Unfortunately, there is no definitive way to prevent breast cancer. If you are interested, though, you can take steps that may reduce your chances of developing this disease. Your doctor can guide you in this journey. They may begin by recommending a screening schedule that is customized to you. They may discuss the value of 3D mammography over standard mammogram screenings. You can also ask about the benefits of alternative imaging, such as MRI. Self-exams should be performed monthly and have been frequently credited for the remarkable decrease in breast cancer deaths in the last two decades. In addition to performing self-exams every month, your doctor may also want you to have clinical exams every six months. Finally, you may be able to significantly reduce your breast cancer risk with healthy lifestyle habits that include a well-balanced diet, weight management, alcohol avoidance, and regular exercise.

What Kinds of Preventative Testing Should I Undergo?

The most common preventive test for breast cancer is a mammogram. Your doctor can advise you regarding the frequency of mammogram screenings based on your age, genetic test results, and other factors. Mammogram screenings have improved significantly over the years. They are more comfortable now and, depending on your options and selection, may be more accurate than ever. Many mammogram centers offer both traditional screenings and 3D mammograms, which may be more precise for women with dense breast tissue.

What Are the Next Steps if I’ve Been Diagnosed With Breast Cancer?

If you receive a breast cancer diagnosis, your immediate care team will become a paramount feature in your life. Your care team may be expansive, including your board-certified oncologist, a plastic surgeon, and more. When choosing your care team, be intentional about their board certification as well as their specific experience. Not every plastic surgeon has an extensive background in performing the most up-to-date breast reconstruction techniques. Before meeting with your care team, write down the questions that come to mind. Being newly diagnosed, you certainly cannot be expected to know all of the questions you will have along the way. Some that can get you started include the following:

What kind of breast cancer has been diagnosed?
What stage is the cancer currently in?
Is cancer localized or has it spread?
Where has the breast cancer spread to?
Do I need additional tests?
How soon should treatment start?
How long will treatment last?
What is my prognosis?

As you navigate your clinical options, it is also highly beneficial to gather support. You know who you can turn to in times of need, and this is a time of need. Emotional and physical support are advantageous, so consider who may be available to take you to medical appointments, who may be tasked with preparing meals or arranging meal delivery, and who can provide you with good company when needed.

Schedule a Consultation Today

If you’re interested in learning more about genetic breast cancer risk or breast reconstruction options, schedule a consultation with our team at Austin Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery by calling today.

Genetic Breast Cancer Risk